The octane rating is the most important characteristic of gasoline (petrol) and other fuels used in spark-ignition internal combustion
engines. It is a measure of how resistant the fuel is to premature detonation (knocking). It is measured relative to a mixture of
2,2,4-trimethylpentane (an isomer of octane) and n-heptane. So an 87-octane gasoline has the same knock resistance as a mixture of 87%
isooctane and 13% n-heptane. A complementary standard for diesel fuel is the cetane number.
Higher octane ratings correlate to higher activation energies. Activation energy is the amount of energy necessary to start a chemical
reaction- since higher octane fuels have higher activation energies, it is less likely that a given compression ratio will cause
knocking.
It might seem odd that fuels with higher octane ratings burn less easily, yet are popularly thought of as more powerful. Using a fuel
with a higher octane lets an engine be run at a higher compression ratio without having problems with knock. Compression is directly
related to power, so engines that require higher octane usually deliver more power. Some high-performance engines are designed to
operate with a compression ratio associated with high octane numbers, and thus demand high-octane gasoline. It should be noted that the
power output of an engine also depends on the energy content of its fuel, which bears no simple relationship to the octane rating. Some
people believe that adding a higher octane fuel to their engine will increase its performance or lessen its fuel consumption; this is
mostly false.engines perform best when using fuel with the octane rating they were designed for and any increase in performance is
minimal.
Racing fuel sometimes refers to unleaded gasoline with octane rating of 100 or higher. You can buy racing fuel at the pump in some
cities. You absolutely must make sure that your car can handle it or you might damage the car and ruin your warranty. Also, the
higher octane fuels cost a lot more, and burn up more quickly. But if your car can handle it, then it is a quick and easy way to add
some pep to your car.
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